Outline - Water
2.2.U1 Water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form between them.
- Describe the structure of an atom (in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons).
- Contrast ion with atom.
- Define anion and cation.
- Contrast covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds.
- Write the molecular formula for water and draw the atomic structure of the molecule.
- Describe the cause and effect of the polar nature of water.
- Describe where and how water is able to form hydrogen bonds.
2.2.U2 Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of water.
- Contrast adhesion with cohesion.
- Outline an example of the cohesive property of water being of benefit to life.
- Outline an example of the adhesive property of water being of benefit to life.
- Explain three thermal properties of water that are useful to living organisms.
- Outline a benefit to life of water's high specific heat capacity.
- Outline a benefit to life of water's high latent heat of vaporization.
- Outline a benefit to life of water's high boiling point.
- Explain why is water such a good solvent.
- List the types of molecules that water will dissolve.
2.2.U3 Substances can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
- State that polar and ionic molecules are hydrophilic.
- State that non-polar, non-ionic molecules are hydrophobic.
- Given a diagram of a molecular structure, determine if the molecule is hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
2.2.A3 Modes of transport of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats. oxygen, and sodium in blood in relations to their solubility in water.
- State if the following molecules are hydrophobic or hydrophilic: glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen, and sodium chloride.
- Outline the mechanism of transport in the blood of the following molecules: glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen, and sodium chloride.